Age characteristics of different periods of a person's life, external and internal causes, changes in hormonal levels, bad habits, as well as psycho-emotional factors can affect changes in blood pressure and lead to its increase. People do not always go to the doctor on time, so hypertension takes a permanent form. The article will talk about the symptoms of hypertension, as well as its differences with hypotension.
The first manifestations
High blood pressure is characterized by morphological changes in the blood vessels that affect a person’s general condition. To understand whether a person has hypertension and what are the symptoms characteristic of this pathology, you need to know the simplest methods of self-diagnosis that will help you respond correctly to the jump in indicators and prevent complications.
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases. Hypertension occurs in every third person, and is characterized by a high mortality rate in severe stages. Only a complex treatment that combines medication and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can be successful.
Hypertension is characterized by a gradual, long, sluggish course, and in the beginning it is characterized by the absence of severe symptoms. With high blood pressure, the presence of the disease may indicate periodic onset of symptoms, which include:
- pain in the occipital or temporal region;
- dizziness;
- hearing loss, tinnitus;
- blurred vision;
- tachycardia and chest pain;
- nausea and mouth reflex;
- feeling short of breath;
- anxiety;
- irritability;
- sweating or chills;
- recurrent nosebleeds.
The presence of at least one of these symptoms of hypertension, which may be the first, is a reason to visit a family doctor or therapist for diagnostic and preventive purposes, because the disease in an advanced, untreated condition can lead to such terrible complications as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. stroke.
Characteristics of symptoms
Arterial hypertension always passes with a headache in the back of the head or temples, which is well stopped at the beginning of the pathology by analgesics. Its occurrence is associated with a change in the lumen of the cerebral vessels in the direction of narrowing. People who have a high blood pressure headache describe it as dull or cramping in the back of the head, and sharp, piercing, pulsating in the temporal region.
Tinnitus and hearing loss in hypertension can be caused by damage to the blood vessels of the hearing aid.
Bitan! Sudden onset of headache is a direct indication for measuring blood pressure.
Deterioration of vision in hypertension in the form of doubling, flashing dots (flies) in front of the eyes is associated with a lack of blood supply to the retina and dysfunction of the optic nerves.
Nausea and gag reflex occur as a reaction to the appearance of headache and dizziness, and the manifestation of frequent heartbeat and pain behind the sternum is caused by a disorder in the work of the vessels of the pulmonary circulation. Feeling short of breath (shortness of breath) is characterized by high blood pressure, and is more common in patients with obesity at any age.
Frequent symptoms of high blood pressure can cause hypertension. And then the above-mentioned signs of pathology will be joined by hyperemia of the skin on the face, anxiety, and heart pain. This condition will not go away on its own and will require urgent therapy.
Bitan! Periodic onset of high blood pressure symptoms will prompt the patient to consult a physician and begin treatment. The asymptomatic course of the disease steals valuable time from a person.
Tonometer indicators
To understand whether there is an increase in pressure, it is necessary to periodically measure the indicators with a tonometer in different conditions (good, bad), and also know their norms.
Standard values are considered to be 120/80 mm Hg. Art. The range of 10 units of these figures is not a deviation. Signs of increase greater than 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , combined with headache, nausea, heart pain are considered symptoms of arterial hypertension.
Bitan! Pressure in humans is always individual, depending on the body and external causes. "Working" tone - these are the blood pressure figures at which the patient feels good. Hypertensives know their normal values, and control them by taking timely antihypertensive drugs selected by the attending physician.
Characteristics of pathology degrees
Signs of high blood pressure directly depend on the degree of height of the indicators, of which there are 3 in hypertension. They can be presented in the form of tables:
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The clinical stage of hypertension may be mild. For a long time, a person may not even be aware of the increased pressure and processes that develop in the blood vessels. Early and first signs of hypertension are irritability for no reason and increased fatigue.
Symptoms of high blood pressure in grade 2 and 3 hypertension with systolic readings over 160 mm. lead to hypertensive crisis, which is characterized by severe headache of various natures, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision (fog, envelope) or trembling small spots, as well as: trembling limbs, rapid pulse, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, heart pain, arrhythmia, loss of consciousness.
What is arterial hypertension - all hypertensives know. It is useful to know how you can help yourself or a loved one before the ambulance arrives, when an emergency occurs for the first time:
- Put 1 tablet of validol or nitroglycerin under the tongue.
- Organize air access, unbutton tight clothing, and give the patient an elevated position in bed (lift on pillows).
- Apply mustard patches to the lower leg muscles.
- Give inside 30 drops (1 tablespoon) of an alcoholic solution of valerian, lemon balm.
- Take any analgesic for headaches, and lubricate the whiskey, forehead, neck area and behind the ears with menthol oil.
- You can soak your feet in hot water for 15 minutes.
In addition, doctors recommend performing a simple exercise to restore breathing. To do this, it is recommended to take a deep breath, hold your breath, and then exhale very slowly. This should be done 3 to 5 times. The body position in this case should be supine.
Bitan! With untimely assistance to a patient with a hypertensive crisis, stroke or myocardial infarction may occur. Since Grade 2 and 3 cannot be cured, the patient must keep the pressure increase under constant control.
Age characteristics
Increased blood pressure in people over the age of 50 is often associated with initial cardiovascular problems, atherosclerosis, anemia, hyperthyroidism, and impaired kidney function. Shortness of breath, pronounced swelling in the legs, cardiac arrhythmia may occur. Compared to men, women get sick more often.
Symptoms of high blood pressure are always the result of age-related changes in the blood vessels, causing a loss of their elasticity. In addition to the typical clinical features of high blood pressure, intermittent claudication, frequent fainting, dizziness when changing body position, noise in the head and a symptom of compressive pain behind the sternum may be added. There are also general weakness, decreased efficiency and weakness.
Because the growth of the indicator can occur in people of different ages, the symptoms of hypertension in adolescents can manifest from the age of 12 (at puberty) and continue until the age of 17. This is due to the restructuring of the organism and changes in hormonal metabolism. . Characteristic signs that a teenager has high blood pressure are increased sweating, attacks of strong heartbeat, the presence of tinnitus, dizziness, headache at any time of the day, insomnia, hot flashes on the skin of the face, discomfort in the epigastric region.
Bitan! In order to make sure that possible vascular pathology occurs in this particular case, it is necessary to measure the pressure in a person several times in a row, preferably every 15 minutes. These indicators should be recorded and reported to the doctor in order to prescribe adequate treatment. The doctor will decide which medication to take.
If you find several symptoms accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, you should consult a doctor, examine and identify the true cause of such pathology: neoplasms, renal, endocrine, vascular diseases. The therapist, neuropathologist and family doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment based on diagnostic data, functional characteristics of the organism, age group, concomitant diseases and predisposition to allergies.
In hypertension, adrenoblockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, slow calcium channel blockers are prescribed.
Apply physiotherapy - electric sleep; magnetotherapy; UHF therapy; infrared laser therapy as well as traditional medicine. Patients with hypertension are advised to adhere to a diet and consume enough fruits and vegetables.
Bitan! Preventive measures to prevent vascular pathology and the development of hypertension include timely visits to doctors, normalization of work and rest, moderation in diet, fight against excess weight, prevention of stressful situations, use of sufficient amounts of water and vegetables. , fruit, as well as eliminating nicotine and alcohol dependence (if any).
Differences between high and low pressure
In addition to the signs of hypertension, in which the rate may increase, there are manifestations of low blood pressure, which are called hypotension.
Periodic pressure reductions are characterized by indicators below 101/66 mm Hg. Art. It all depends on the age group, so the numbers can vary.
Despite the fact that the presence of unbearable paroxysmal headache occurs in both hypotension and hypertension, with a decrease in pressure will be present the following symptoms that distinguish high pressure from low:
- Poor health and weakness. From the very morning the patient feels weakness and malaise.
- Cold extremities. Hands and feet are constantly cold.
- Noise in the ears (occasional presence).
- Unpleasant sensations in the area of the heart, tachycardia. Every patient has their own feelings.
- Dizziness and frequent darkening (sometimes double vision) in the eyes. Such symptoms are characteristic not only in the morning, but also during the day.
- Drowsiness during the day, sleep disturbance at night. During the day, patients feel the need to sleep all the time. The peak of activities begins in the evening. The night passes restlessly, sleep is shallow.
- Digestive problems. Hypotensive patients often have gastritis, liver problems, constipation, dyspepsia, and dysbacteriosis.
These characteristic symptoms are most common in young people, most of whom are women. The reason for lowering blood pressure is stress, lack of sleep, poor lifestyle, lack of vitamins, use of strict diets, hormonal disorders, severe physical and mental stress, the presence of some somatic diseases (endocrine, cervical osteochondrosis, liver, kidney, VVD, sedentary lifestyle). Prolonged depression can be a major cause of low blood pressure.
The first "bells" about the beginning of the development of hypotension occur when a person finds it difficult to get out of bed in the morning, feels overwhelmed, irritated and does not get enough sleep. After a while (each one is individual) a headache occurs, which may not go away until lunch.
Here the common symptoms of hypertension are nausea, vomiting, meteorological dependence and fainting, long asymptomatic course. You can increase low blood pressure by taking special medications, diet therapy, herbal remedies and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Therapy
Drugs that increase blood pressure include tinctures of eleutherococcus or ginseng, special medications. Caffeine has the same effect.
Herbal therapy involves taking decoctions and infusions of herbs from plants such as St. John's wort, lemongrass, ginseng, immortelle, limestone, ginger.
For hypotensive patients, it is acceptable to take small doses of alcohol. A glass of red wine or 25 g of cognac for a week will benefit the body: it will dilate blood vessels and improve blood circulation. A cup of coffee in the morning will bring a good mood.
Hypotensive patients should get enough sleep to feel awake (more than 8 hours a day), get enough exercise, eat a balanced diet, and also engage in moderate sports (morning exercises, swimming, aerobics, yoga, outdoor games), shower with contrast. showering, alternating them with massage.
Bitan! Untreated hypotension after 40 years of age can develop into hypertension.
Everyone is advised to monitor their blood pressure carefully. The tonometer should be used in a calm state, good and bad health, after sleep and before night. It is desirable to record all indicators, compare and determine "their" pressure, which records the best work capacity and vital activity.
If the increased numbers last for a long time, be sure to consult a doctor to protect yourself from fatal complications in the future. Be healthy!